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The greatest scientist of the Ancient World - Archimedes (circa 287-212 BC) is widely recognized as one of the greatest geniuses in the history of mankind. His contribution to mathematics is huge, and the name is covered with legends. It was Archimedes who came up with a formula for determining the area of a triangle along its sides and came very close to the notion of a definite integral, ahead of humanity for almost two millennia...

Combinatorics as a science began to speak in the 18th century. parallel with the emergence of the theory of probability, since for the solution of probabilistic problems it was necessary to calculate the number of different combinations of elements. With similar tasks, in which one or other subjects had to be selected, the best position of hunters during hunting...

From ancient times all the numbers were considered valid. All because first of all people were interested in natural numbers. New, complex numbers, at that time could not be at the thought; even negative numbers were then considered false. In the 16th century, in connection with the study of cubic equations, scientists needed to extract square roots from negative...

In life, often it is necessary to solve tasks of choice. As a rule, the choice is made on the basis of some criterion. On this subject there is even an old parable about the Buridan donkey. Once near him, at the same distance, two arms of hay were placed at the same time. I thought the donkey, I thought how to start with such arms, and so I did not come up with anything - I died of hunger. Why?..

When solving many mathematical problems, it is necessary to compose equations and determine from them unknown quantities. A classic problem of this type is described in the tale of Pinocchio, where he had to share imaginary apples. But who first made such an ingenious step in the development of mathematics? For this we need to make a journey into the depths of the centuries, when the great heroes-conquerors and philosophers-scientists lived in parallel. And with them is Diophantus and his equations...

If you plan to update the password to access the computer, the best solution is random numbers and randomly selected characters from any alphabet. For this, for example, we throw dice twenty-four times - the password is ready. Or it required a secret key for the cryptographic system, again random numbers are needed. What are they good? They are unpredictable!..