Random numbers

If you plan to update the password to access the computer, the best solution is random numbers and randomly selected characters from any alphabet. For this, for example, we throw dice twenty-four times - the password is ready. Or it required a secret key for the cryptographic system, again random numbers are needed. What are they good? They are unpredictable! The appearance of each in the sequence is equally probable, you can not calculate ahead of time.

Cubic dice can produce random numbers from 1 to 6, and throwing two of them, you can get 36 different combinations. The traditional die has a cubic shape with slightly rounded corners, on each side of which there is a number from 1 to 6, the sum of the points on opposite sides must be seven. Bones can rarely be found alone, in games they are usually used in pairs. They are the most ancient gaming tools known to man and possess a long and rich history, although the exact time and place of their appearance remain a mystery. Cubic bones with markings almost identical to modern ones were found in the Egyptian (20th century BC) and Chinese (6th century BC) burials. Points on the faces of ancient dice were often depicted as a stylized "bird's eye". The bones, before they became part of gambling, were a magical instrument that had been used by the ancients to predict fortunes. In ancient times, the happy result of the throw meant more than mere luck. It was believed that the outcome of the cast was entirely dependent on the will of the gods, so the cubes were often used to select the leaders and as a method of prediction. The Greeks believed that the ancient goddess Fortuna, the daughter of Zeus (known to some players as Lady Luck) determines the result of the cast.

Random numbers have many applications. It is only necessary that these numbers really be random. All because with the generation of truly random numbers there is a problem. Therefore, do not completely trust the casino, where with the help of a computer, as it were, receive random numbers. But, the problem of generating truly random numbers has been solved to some extent. And at this point, scientists have already discovered how to generate truly random numbers. Or, more precisely, random in terms of modern physics.

Truly random numbers can be obtained using, for example, a hardware random number generator (a generator of truly random numbers), a device that generates a sequence of random numbers based on the measured, chaotically changing parameters of a flowing physical process (thermal noise, shot noise, photoelectric effect, quantum phenomena). These processes in the theory are absolutely unpredictable, in practice the random numbers obtained from them are checked by means of special statistical tests.

Hardware random number generators are mainly used for statistical tests and cryptography, where they are used to create cryptographic keys for encrypted data transmission. Also, such devices are widely used in online casinos to simulate, for example, roulettes. But because of the complexity of implementation and relative slowness, the use of such generators depends on the needs of a particular subject area and on the device of the generator itself.