The molecule model
Much in physics can be simulated, thereby greatly simplifying and accelerating the mastery of the subject. The wire model of a molecule with spheres shows what the molecule consists of, but does not hold back the phenomena occurring inside it under the interaction of various forces.
Yu.L. Kovarsky designed a model of a molecule of magnets that helps to more easily show the microcosm.
The teacher made an attempt to call everyone to the aid of a magnet. However, the magnet is not simple, but universal, which in one case attracted, in the other repelled.
As a result of a long search, the model of a molecule of magnets was created. The effect was achieved due to the use of ceramic magnets of rectangular shape, the nature of the interaction of which depends on the orientation of their faces.
Now it remains to realize the idea. For this, two wooden blocks measuring 37x170x10 mm were taken. Six magnets with dimensions 8x10x5 mm with a pitch between them of 12 mm cut into the bars. Each magnet is inscribed in circles, which play the role of molecules of matter. For greater clarity, the circle was painted with colored paint. The molecule model is ready. The trick is that in one case (with the position of the magnets of one bar between the magnets of the other), the attraction force acts, if the same magnets coincide, the repulsive force. Expand one of the bars to 1800 - the effect changes to the opposite.
To demonstrate the elastic deformation in such a model of the molecule, the folded halves of the bars are shifted along the joint plane by 0.5 steps. After the effect of the applied external force ceases, the attraction between the pairs of magnets returns the model of the molecule to its original state, the particles of the body seem to return to their original position.
This experience clearly demonstrates the process of elastic deformation. When the bars are displaced, the forces of neighboring pairs of magnets act more than a step, and the model of the molecule passes into a new state. In this case, plastic deformation is demonstrated, in which body particles do not return to their original position and the body shape is not restored.
In such a model of the molecule, by simply moving two slats along the plane of their connection, one can visually show the essence of the potential barrier between molecules, demonstrate the mechanism of elastic and plastic deformation, catch the connection between micro- and macrostructures of elastic and plastic deformation of a solid.
