Deterministic and nondeterministic systems
Mathematics helps system technicians to give advice to specialists, working every time in a new field. It makes it possible to isolate the general from the private, to create a mathematical model of the process and, after analyzing it, to give recommendations on the reorganization of production. This was accomplished by breaking all existing systems into two large classes-deterministic and nondeterministic systems.
A typical example of a deterministic system is an automatic communication system. Each city has its own automatic telephone exchange - an automatic telephone exchange. And in large cities of such automatic telephone exchanges even a few - one for each urban area. The system type ATS works on a rigid, pre-defined program and works flawlessly until something breaks in it. But the breakdown is also not very bad - the serviceman will come and fix everything. And at the same time, one can certainly say that with an unforeseen situation, the adjuster does not come across. A deterministic system is so called that all of its frills can be known in advance and make a clear list of instructions for the maintenance staff how to act in this or that situation. No breakdown in fact will not force the automatic telephone exchange of one city to suddenly switch to servicing the subscribers of another city or, more surprisingly, to start suddenly baking French rolls.
The nondeterministic system is another matter. There are more uncertainties here. A classic example is the system that controls the air traffic in an area of an airport. Such a system, consisting not only of a multitude of machines, but also of a multitude of people, recycles information coming from many and many sources: radar stations of a meteorological office, from aircraft, from ground services... And everything goes more or less smoothly when all this the information comes uninterruptedly, the weather is good and no accident has occurred anywhere. In this case, the computer can also cope with the regulation of motion.
But here there was a state of emergency! There was an accident, radio communication has broken or the weather has just deteriorated... There are many reasons for violating the normal regime, and, sadly, they can not be foreseen in advance, it is impossible to make a list of possible violations. In this case, there is only one hope for the experience and intuition of the person - the operator who manages the system.
But how will he behave in this unforeseen situation? Will it be able to react quickly and, most importantly, correctly? You just can not answer such questions. And we must answer. On this depends largely on the reliability of one of the main elements of the nondeterministic system - a person. This means that the reliability of the entire nondeterministic system as a whole.
Until now, there was only one way out: before putting a person in the place of a dispatcher, he was tested according to a special program, evaluated the speed of reaction, the degree of self-control. Then a person was taught for a long time, trained... Moreover, very important operations are entrusted to at least two people, so that, if need be, they can come to each other's aid. Otherwise trouble...
But so, groping, you can not act any more. The complexity of large nondeterministic systems is increasing, so, we need some scientifically grounded criteria for selecting operators, we need a mathematical model that would predict with a high probability of how exactly this or that person will act in some emergency situation.
